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Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
Published on: March 22, 2019
Microscopy with undetected photons in the mid-infrared
Inna Kviatkovsky1, Helen M Chrzanowski2, Ellen G Avery3,4,5,6,7,8
1Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. innakv.ber@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Owing to its capacity for unique (bio)-chemical specificity, microscopy with mid-infrared (IR) illumination holds tremendous promise for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. The primary limitation, however, remains detection, with current mid-IR detection technology often marrying inferior technical capabilities with prohibitive costs. Here, we experimentally show how nonlinear interferometry with entangled light can provide a powerful tool for mid-IR microscopy while only requiring near-IR detection with a silicon-based camera. In this proof-of-principle implementation, we demonstrate widefield imaging over a broad wavelength range covering 3.4 to 4.3 μm and demonstrate a spatial resolution of 35 μm for images containing 650 resolved elements. Moreover, we demonstrate that our technique is suitable for acquiring microscopic images of biological tissue samples in the mid-IR. These results form a fresh perspective for potential relevance of quantum imaging techniques in the life sciences.
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