[Skin microbiome: role in human health and skin inflammatory diseases]

Skin microbiome: role in human health and skin inflammatory diseases. The skin barrier is a major interface between the human host and its environment. It is colonized by more than 1000 different bacterial species which live at the skin surface or within skin appendages but also of by fungi, virus and mites. In adults, the most abundant bacterial genera are Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and coagulase negative staphylococci. The composition of the skin microbiome mostly varies according to localization, reflecting different physical, chemical and environmental conditions. Despite constant environmental exposure, the skin microbiome of adults is stable over time. Coagulase negative staphylococci play an important role in skin defense by preventing colonization by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, demonstrating mutualistic relationships with the human host. Skin inflammatory diseases are associated with specific dysbiotic features that probably play an important role in their pathophysiology and may be treatment targets in the future.