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Sleep enhances decision-making skills in both young and older adults. While sleep improves feedback sensitivity for all, it specifically increases loss aversion in older adults, impacting their learning-based choices.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research
  • Decision-Making

Background:

  • Sleep is known to benefit memory consolidation and complex cognitive skills like decision-making in young adults.
  • Older adults exhibit distinct decision-making strategies compared to younger adults, making the role of sleep in their decision processes less understood.
  • Investigating the interplay between age and sleep is crucial for understanding cognitive function across the lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of sleep on decision-making in young versus older adults.
  • To explore age-by-sleep interactions in cognitive processes underlying decision-making.
  • To determine how sleep influences specific decision-making strategies, such as feedback sensitivity and loss aversion, in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 67 young adults (18-29 years) and 66 older adults (60-79 years).
  • Randomly assigned participants to either a sleep or wake study condition for a 12-hour interval.
  • Administered a modified Iowa gambling task before and after the sleep/wake interval to assess decision-making performance.

Main Results:

  • Younger adults showed greater performance improvement than older adults irrespective of sleep condition.
  • In older adults, longer total sleep time correlated with improved selection of advantageous choices.
  • Computational modeling revealed sleep enhanced feedback sensitivity in both age groups, while increasing loss aversion specifically in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep facilitates learning-based decision-making by enhancing value representation.
  • The impact of sleep on decision-making processes, including feedback sensitivity and loss aversion, differs between young and older adults.
  • Findings highlight distinct age-related modulations of decision-making by sleep.