Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 5, 2025
Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine
Published on: August 25, 2022
The skill of tracheal intubation with rigid scopes - a randomised controlled trial comparing learning curves in 740
Lorenz Theiler1, Robert Greif2,3, Lukas Bütikofer4
1Department of Anaesthesia, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
Background:
Rigid scopes are successfully used for management of difficult airways, but learning curves have not been established.
Methods:
This randomised controlled trial was performed at the University Hospital Bern in Switzerland to establish learning curves for the rigid scopes Bonfils and SensaScope and to assess their performance. Fifteen consultant anaesthetists and 15 anaesthesia registrars performed a total of 740 intubations (10 to 20 intubations with each device per physician) in adult patients without predictors of a difficult airway under general anaesthesia. According to randomisation, physicians intubated the patient's trachea with either the Bonfils or the SensaScope. A maximum of three intubation attempts was allowed. Primary outcome was overall time to successful intubation. Secondary outcome parameters included first attempt success, first attempt success within 60 s, failures and adverse events.
Results:
A clear learning effect was demonstrated: Over 20 trials, intubations became 2.5-times quicker and first attempt intubation success probability increased by 21-28 percentage points. Fourteen and 20 trials were needed with the Bonfils and the SensaScope, respectively, to reach a 90% first attempt success probability. Intubation times were 23% longer (geometric mean ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.36, p < 0.001) and first attempt success was less likely (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.92, p = 0.016) with the SensaScope. Consultants showed a tendency for a better first attempt success compared to registrars. Overall, 23 intubations (10 Bonfils, 13 SensaScope) failed. Adverse events were rare and did not differ between devices.
Conclusions:
A clear learning effect was demonstrated for both rigid scopes. Fourteen intubations with the Bonfils and 20 intubations with the SensaScope were required to reach a 90% first attempt success probability. Learning of the technique seemed more complex with the SensaScope compared to the Bonfils.
Trial Registration:
Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN14429285 . Registered 28 September 2011, retrospectively registered.
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