Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

1.0K
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
1.0K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

182
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
182
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

315
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
315
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

2.0K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
2.0K
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

240
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
240
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

483
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
483

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Amino acids for renal protection: time to implement in clinical practice.

Korean journal of anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Sex-related mortality differences in septic shock: A propensity score-matched study.

Journal of critical care·2026
Same author

Association of duration of amino acids infusion and renal protection: a secondary analysis of the PROTECTION trial.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Neurocognitive outcomes: methodological clarifications.

Anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Acute normovolaemic haemodilution after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Diabetes does not modify the renal-protective effect of intravenous amino acids infusion after cardiac surgery.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

The Missing Beat of the New Kids on the Block:Type O Whole Blood and Cryopreserved Platelet Concentrates in High-Risk Bleeding Settings.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Intraoperative Lipoproteins Associated with Postoperative Delirium in a Prospective Observational Study of Older Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Negative-Pressure Lung Re-expansion After One-Lung Ventilation for Pulmonary Resection: A Retrospective Study.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Development and Validation of an Integrated Artificial Intelligence-Powered Clinical Decision Support Application for Cardiac Critical Care: Combining Coagulation Management, Blood Gas Analysis, Mechanical Ventilation, Hemodynamic Assessment, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Perioperative Factor VIII Replacement in Severe Hemophilia A During Neonatal Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Repair.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Effect of the Duration of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Oxygenation Predicted by Measuring Thoracic Fluid Content Using Electrical Cardiometry in Infants Undergoing Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect:A Prospective Observational Study.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.8K

Vasoactive-Inotropic Score: Evolution, Clinical Utility, and Pitfalls.

Alessandro Belletti1, Caterina Cecilia Lerose1, Alberto Zangrillo2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|October 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) quantifies hemodynamic support in critically ill patients, with high scores linked to adverse outcomes. This review updates the VIS to include more vasoactive drugs, aiding clinical practice and research.

Keywords:
epinephrinehemodynamic managementinotropeslevosimendannorepinephrinevasoactive inotropic scorevasopressinvasopressors

More Related Videos

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

16.5K
Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis
08:05

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis

Published on: May 19, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.8K
Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

16.5K
Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis
08:05

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis

Published on: May 19, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Inotropes and vasopressors are crucial for critically ill and perioperative patients.
  • Clinical administration of these agents is highly variable.
  • The vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) objectively quantifies hemodynamic support, with high VIS correlating to poor outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) and its applications.
  • To identify limitations of the current VIS, particularly the lack of a universally recognized version.
  • To propose an updated VIS incorporating commonly used vasoactive drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of VIS, VIS-related, and VIS-validating manuscripts.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating the correlation between VIS and patient outcomes.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose a revised VIS.

Main Results:

  • The VIS is a valuable tool for quantifying hemodynamic support and comparing clinical/research experiences.
  • Several studies show a link between high VIS and increased mortality or morbidity.
  • Existing VIS versions lack inclusion of all commonly used vasoactive drugs.

Conclusions:

  • The VIS is a significant tool in critical care, aiding in objective assessment and comparison.
  • An updated VIS, including drugs like terlipressin, methylene blue, and angiotensin II, is proposed.
  • This enhanced VIS aims to improve standardization and utility in clinical practice and research.