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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

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Cyclodextrins in Parenteral Formulations.

Thorsteinn Loftsson1

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|October 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs for parenteral formulations. This review covers their properties, pharmacokinetics, regulatory status, and applications in drug delivery.

Keywords:
AgglomerationComplexationCyclodextrin(s)Drug delivery system(s)PharmacokineticsSolubility

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Many drugs exhibit poor aqueous solubility, posing challenges for parenteral formulation development.
  • Traditional methods like organic solvents or prodrugs have limitations for parenteral solutions.
  • There is a continuous need for safe, effective, and economical excipients for parenteral formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiochemical and biological properties of cyclodextrins (CDs).
  • To discuss the application of CDs in parenteral drug formulations.
  • To explore methods for enhancing CD solubilizing effects and determining target concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cyclodextrins' properties and applications.
  • Discussion of drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complex formation.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic data and regulatory status of cyclodextrins.

Main Results:

  • Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes, effectively increasing drug aqueous solubility.
  • CDs possess favorable toxicological and pharmacokinetic profiles for parenteral use.
  • Applications demonstrate enhanced solubilization and targeted drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclodextrins are valuable pharmaceutical excipients for improving parenteral drug solubility.
  • Their favorable safety profile makes them preferable to other solubilization techniques.
  • Further research can optimize CD-based formulations for enhanced drug delivery.