Viewpoint: The future of work in agri-food

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Economics
• Labor Studies
• Technology and Society

Background:

• Developing economies typically see a decline in agricultural employment as the broader agri-food system expands.
• Technological revolutions historically influence and are influenced by shifts in agricultural labor dynamics.
• Digitalization and anti-globalization trends, exacerbated by COVID-19, are impacting the agri-food sector and labor supply.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the evolving role of the agri-food system in job creation amidst structural transformation.
• To examine the impact of digitalization and anti-immigration sentiments on agricultural labor.
• To review policy options for fostering employment in the agri-food sector, particularly in low-income countries.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical trends in agricultural employment and technological revolutions.
• Analysis of current trends in digitalization, labor shortages, and global trade within the agri-food system.
• Exploration of policy implications for inclusive value chain development, immigration, social insurance, and agricultural education.

Main Results:

• The agri-food system's employment scope is shifting beyond traditional farming due to technological advancements.
• Robotics present a potential solution to diminishing agricultural labor supplies.
• Developing countries, especially in Africa, face challenges with low agricultural labor productivity.

Conclusions:

• The agri-food system remains crucial for future employment, particularly in developing regions.
• Policy interventions such as inclusive value chain development and enhanced agricultural education are vital.
• Addressing labor shortages and adapting to digital transformation are key for sustainable agri-food employment.