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Related Concept Videos

Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

9.3K
When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Types of Friction Problems01:27

Types of Friction Problems

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Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
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Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Experiments on Ultrasonic Lubrication Using a Piezoelectrically-assisted Tribometer and Optical Profilometer
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Measuring friction at an interface using ultrasonic response.

X Li1, R S Dwyer-Joyce1

  • 1Leonardo Centre for Tribology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method using nonlinear ultrasonic waves to measure friction coefficients directly at sliding interfaces. This technique overcomes limitations of traditional tribometers, enabling reliable in situ friction assessment for engineering applications.

Keywords:
contactcontact acoustic nonlinearityfrictionshear wavestick-slip

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Non-destructive Testing

Background:

  • Friction is critical in engineering, but lab measurements from tribometers often fail to translate to real-world conditions.
  • Existing methods struggle with variability from surface conditions, specimen setup, and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an in situ method for determining friction coefficients at sliding interfaces.
  • To leverage nonlinear ultrasonic wave interactions for friction measurement.

Main Methods:

  • A high-power ultrasonic shear wave was used to induce nonlinear responses at a frictional interface.
  • Numerical modeling and experimental validation were performed on aluminum surfaces under varying loads.
  • Friction coefficients were estimated by correlating third-order nonlinearity with experimental and numerical data.

Main Results:

  • The nonlinear ultrasonic response, specifically higher-order odd frequency components, was found to depend on contact stress and friction.
  • The developed method successfully measured in situ friction coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.61 for different surface configurations.
  • Numerical and experimental results showed good agreement, validating the approach.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear ultrasonics provide a viable approach for in situ friction coefficient determination.
  • This method offers a more reliable alternative to traditional tribometry for real-world engineering applications.