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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online
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Online Homework Distraction Scale: A Validation Study.

Jianzhong Xu1, José C Núñez, Jennifer Cunha

  • 1Mississippi State University.

Psicothema
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed the Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS) to measure distractions in higher education. Findings show men experience more online homework distractions than women, indicating the scale

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Online Learning Environments
  • Student Self-Regulation

Background:

  • Distance learning and online homework are prevalent in higher education.
  • Students require self-control to manage online homework distractions.
  • Limited research exists on assessing online homework distractions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS).
  • To assess psychometric properties of the OHDS in a higher education context.

Main Methods:

  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed.
  • The study involved 612 undergraduates in China.
  • Psychometric properties of the OHDS were examined.

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Main Results:

  • Tech-related and conventional distractions were found to be indistinguishable.
  • Men reported higher levels of distraction during online homework compared to women.
  • The OHDS showed negative correlations with expectancy, value, effort, and time management, supporting its validity.

Conclusions:

  • The Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS) is a valid and reliable instrument.
  • The scale can be used to measure online homework distractions effectively.
  • Findings highlight gender differences in online homework distraction.