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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
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CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

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CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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[Drugs affecting obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

O D Ostroumova1,2, R I Isaev3, Yu V Kotovskaya3

  • 1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Certain medications can worsen obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), while others may improve it or have no effect. Understanding these drug interactions is crucial for managing sleep-disordered breathing.

Keywords:
concomitant medicationsdrug effectsobstructive sleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is common and increases with age.
  • OSA involves repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to respiratory distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse effects of various medications on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To inform healthcare professionals about drug-induced changes in OSA severity and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on drug effects in OSA.
  • Categorization of drugs based on their impact: worsening, neutral, or potentially improving OSA.

Main Results:

  • Certain drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids) adversely affect OSA.
  • Other drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatories, bronchodilators) may not affect or could improve respiratory function during sleep.
  • The impact of several drug classes on OSA requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Physician awareness of drug effects on OSA is vital for preventing sleep-related respiratory deterioration.
  • A personalized approach to medication can improve sleep quality and blood oxygen saturation in OSA patients.