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Airway obstruction as the primary manifestation of infantile thyroid hemangioma

Yujian Liang1, Ronghui Pu1, Xueqiong Huang1

  • 1Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study reports the first case of infant capillary thyroid hemangioma, a rare condition presenting with airway obstruction. Combined surgical and propranolol treatment led to significant symptom improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Vascular Anomalies
  • Thyroid Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid hemangiomas are rare, predominantly affecting adults, with only a few pediatric cases documented.
  • Capillary hemangiomas of the thyroid are exceptionally rare, and no infant cases have been previously reported.
  • This case highlights a unique presentation of a primary capillary hemangioma in an infant.

Observation:

  • A 2-month-old infant presented with severe airway obstruction (laryngeal wheezing, dyspnea) due to thyroid hemangioma.
  • Imaging revealed bilateral thyroid lesions, but definitive diagnosis required postoperative histopathology.
  • The infant had normal thyroid function despite the presence of the thyroid mass.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of capillary thyroid hemangioma.
  • The infant's airway obstruction symptoms significantly improved following a combined treatment approach.
  • Treatment involved surgical intervention and oral propranolol administration.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of thyroid hemangioma presentations in infants.
  • Early consideration of thyroid hemangioma is crucial when imaging reveals well-defined, capsulated thyroid masses.
  • A multimodal treatment strategy, including propranolol, can be effective for infant thyroid hemangioma.
Abstract

Keywords:
Airway obstructionCapillaryCase reportInfantileThyroid hemangioma

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