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Chronic Q Fever Endocarditis in an Omani Child: The First Pediatric Case Report from Oman

Hanaa A Al-Araimi1, Khalid Al-Alawi2, Amina K Al-Jardani1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

Oman Medical Journal
|October 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Q fever endocarditis, a chronic Coxiella burnetii infection, is rare in children. This report details the first pediatric case in Oman, successfully treated with antibiotics.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Q fever endocarditis, a chronic manifestation of Coxiella burnetii infection, typically affects adults.
  • Pediatric cases of Q fever endocarditis are exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old Omani female with congenital heart disease presented with symptoms of chronic blood culture-negative endocarditis.
  • The patient resided in the Al Batinah governorate, a region in northern Oman.

Findings:

  • Coxiella burnetii infection was confirmed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay.
  • The pediatric patient demonstrated a positive response to a combined therapeutic regimen of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering Q fever endocarditis in pediatric patients with culture-negative endocarditis, particularly in endemic areas.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, such as doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine, are crucial for successful management in children.
  • This case expands the understanding of Q fever epidemiology and clinical presentation in pediatric populations within the Middle East.

Keywords:
ChildCoxiella burnetiiEndocarditisHeart Defects, CongenitalOmanQ Fever

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