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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.5K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.7K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions01:22

Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions

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A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. For a chemical reaction to happen, atoms must collide with enough energy to overcome the repulsion between their electrons. This energy is called activation energy. Factors influencing the rate of reaction either lower the activation energy or increase the likelihood of a successful collision.
Concentration and Pressure:
The more particles present within a given space, the more likely those particles are to bump into one another....
7.5K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

28.7K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
28.7K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.6K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.6K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.7K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.7K

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Single-Atom Catalysts across the Periodic Table.

Selina K Kaiser1, Zupeng Chen1, Dario Faust Akl1

  • 1Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Chemical Reviews
|October 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) leverage isolated atoms on host materials for unique reactivity. This review explores the expanding elemental diversity and applications of SACs in catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Isolated atoms are crucial for enzymatic and homogeneous catalysis.
  • Single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) are emerging with unique reactivity.
  • Host materials dictate the properties and stability of isolated atoms in SACs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of single-atom catalysis (SACs) across the periodic table.
  • To explore the elemental diversity, historical development, and applications of SACs.
  • To highlight current frontiers and future directions in SAC research.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing literature on single-atom catalysis.
  • Analyzing compositional diversity and coordination structures of SACs.
  • Examining applications in thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis.

Main Results:

  • SACs have demonstrated significant impact across various catalytic fields.
  • The review encompasses a broad range of elements beyond transition metals.
  • Specific single-atom-host combinations exhibit tailored properties for targeted applications.

Conclusions:

  • Single-atom catalysis is a rapidly evolving field with broad elemental scope.
  • Future research should focus on multimetallic SACs, atom proximity control, and complex reactions.
  • Continued exploration of SACs promises advancements in thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis.