Cholesterol (Blood lipid) lowering potential of Rosuvastatin chitosan nanoparticles for atherosclerosis: Preclinical study in rabbit model

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Nanomedicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis involves arterial narrowing due to plaque buildup.
• Aortic valve calcification (AVC) contributes to atherosclerosis, leading to aortic valve stenosis (AS).
• Developing effective nanoparticle drug delivery systems is crucial for managing cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prepare and optimize Rosuvastatin-chitosan (ROS-chitosan) nanoparticles.
• To evaluate the efficacy of ROS-chitosan nanoparticles in an experimental atherosclerosis and AVC model.
• To assess the impact of nanoparticles on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers.

Main Methods:

• ROS-chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionotropic gelation and optimized via a full factorial design.
• Nanoparticle characteristics (particle size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, drug release) were analyzed.
• Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis were induced in rabbits using a specific diet.
• Blood lipid profiles, interleukin-6 levels, and histopathology of valve tissues were examined.

Main Results:

• The ROS-chitosan nanoparticle formulation was successfully optimized.
• Rosuvastatin demonstrated significant reduction in blood lipid levels in experimental animals.
• Histopathological studies indicated attenuation of atherosclerosis and calcification in valve tissues.
• Interleukin-6 levels were also modulated, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusions:

• ROS-chitosan nanoparticles are a promising formulation for treating atherosclerosis and associated aortic valve calcification.
• Rosuvastatin delivered via nanoparticles effectively manages hyperlipidemia and reduces arterial plaque and valve calcification.
• This approach offers a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating aortic valve stenosis and atherosclerosis progression.