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Rethinking the definition of episodic memory.

Christopher R Madan1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham.

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|October 22, 2020
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Summary

This study reevaluates the definition of episodic memory, proposing objective criteria for its assessment, particularly in nonhuman animals. It aims to establish a consensus on what constitutes true episodic memory versus episodic-like memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • The definition of episodic memory, as proposed by Tulving, requires conscious recall, posing challenges for assessment in nonhuman animals.
  • Researchers often use the term "episodic-like memory" to describe memory demonstrations in animals that would otherwise qualify as episodic memory.
  • Existing definitions present limitations in objectively evaluating episodic memory across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconsider the definition of episodic memory based on objective, measurable criteria.
  • To explore the implications of this reevaluation for understanding memory in nonhuman animals.
  • To foster a field-wide consensus on the definition of episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Reevaluation of the established definition of episodic memory.
  • Analysis of converging evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience.
  • Consideration of objective criteria applicable to both human and nonhuman animal studies.

Main Results:

  • Proposes objective criteria for defining episodic memory, moving beyond the subjective requirement of conscious recall.
  • Highlights the need for a more inclusive and objective framework for memory research.
  • Identifies key considerations such as familiarity and indirect measures in memory assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The current definition of episodic memory requires revision to incorporate objective criteria for broader applicability.
  • A revised definition will facilitate more accurate comparisons of memory across species, particularly between humans and nonhuman animals.
  • This work initiates a process to establish a consensus view on episodic memory, crucial for advancing cognitive science.