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Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements from Brazilian Geopropolis Produced by the Stingless Bee Melipona
Rodrigo da Cruz Ferreira1, Fernanda de Souza Dias2, Caroline de Aragão Tannus2
1Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
Abstract:
Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides is a species of stingless bee popularly known in Brazil as "mandaçaia". Products derived from bees for food and therapeutic uses, have stimulated the evaluation of the chemical composition of geopropolis. Concentrations of 24 essential and potentially toxic elements were determined in geopropolis samples, using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to carry out an exploratory analysis of the samples. The following elements were quantified (in mg Kg-1): Al (320,414.40-36,911.1), As (
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