Human Germ Line and Heritable Genome Editing: The Global Policy Landscape.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology and Bioethics
• Genetics and Genomics Policy
• Reproductive Technologies

Background:

• Global discussions on human germline and heritable genome editing require accurate policy landscape understanding.
• Existing policies may not fully encompass the nuances of germline genome editing research and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To survey and analyze the global policy landscape concerning human germline and heritable genome editing across 106 countries.
• To provide updated data on national policies relevant to modifying human embryos, gametes, or precursor cells.

Main Methods:

• Policy survey conducted across 106 countries.
• Analysis of relevant policy documents including legislation, regulations, guidelines, codes, and international treaties.
• Categorization of policies related to germline genome editing research and heritable genome editing.

Main Results:

• 96 out of 106 countries possess policy documents relevant to human genome editing.
• Policies specifically addressing germline genome editing research exist in a subset of these countries, with 23 prohibiting and 11 permitting it.
• 75 countries prohibit heritable genome editing, with five offering exceptions; no country explicitly permits it.

Conclusions:

• A majority of countries have policies touching upon human genome editing, yet specific regulations for germline research and heritable applications vary significantly.
• The current global policy landscape for heritable human genome editing is largely prohibitive, contrasting with previous reports.
• Updated data underscores the need for nuanced policy development and international dialogue on human genome editing governance.