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Related Concept Videos

Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

438
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
438
Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

342
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
342
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

355
The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
355
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

345
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
345
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

577
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
577
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

286
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
286

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Mitigating Portland Cement CO2 Emissions Using Alkali-Activated Materials: System Dynamics Model.

Moncef L Nehdi1, Abdallah Yassine1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a promising path to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production. A new system dynamics model holistically analyzes AAMs, predicting CO2 reduction and guiding policy decisions.

Keywords:
CO2 emissionalkali-activatedclimate changemodelpolicyportland cementsystem dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Portland cement production is a major source of global CO2 emissions.
  • Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are proposed as a sustainable alternative to reduce these emissions.
  • Robust models are needed to validate the CO2 mitigation potential of AAMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel system dynamics model for predicting CO2 emissions from cement production.
  • To holistically assess the impact of AAMs on CO2 reduction.
  • To provide a tool for evaluating policy scenarios for AAM implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Object-oriented system dynamics modeling.
  • Incorporation of AAM precursor/activator types, service life, carbonation, market share, and policy periods.
  • Holistic, system-of-systems approach to CO2 emission analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of strategies for reducing CO2 emissions through AAM adoption.
  • Outline of challenges for widespread AAM implementation.
  • Demonstration of the model's flexibility and modularity for policy scenario testing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a cogent prognostic tool for CO2 emissions from cement production.
  • It facilitates informed decision-making and policy development for AAMs.
  • The model offers a low-computational-cost solution for assessing AAMs' environmental impact.