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Related Concept Videos

Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

162
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
162
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

144
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
144
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

109
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
109
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

120
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
120
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

106
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
106
Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

97
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
97

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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Optimization of Fly Ash-Slag One-Part Geopolymers with Improved Properties.

Iman Faridmehr1, Mohammad Ali Sahraei2, Moncef L Nehdi3

  • 1Department of Building Construction and Structural Theory, South Ural State University, 76 pr. Lenina, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Developing one-part geopolymer concrete is complex. This study optimized its compressive strength using an artificial neural network (ANN) model, finding optimal alkaline activator and slag dosages for enhanced performance.

Keywords:
alkali-activated materialartificial neural networkcompressive strengthindustrial by-productone-part geopolymer concrete

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • One-part geopolymer concrete/mortar offers environmental benefits and simplified mixing using industrial by-products and solid alkaline activators.
  • Challenges in developing one-part geopolymer concrete include complex chemical reactions, raw material variability, and precise curing control, impacting compressive strength.
  • Optimizing one-part geopolymer formulations is crucial for achieving desired material properties and wider application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of constituent materials, alkaline activator dosage, curing conditions, and water/binder ratio on the 28-day compressive strength of one-part geopolymer paste.
  • To develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting one-part geopolymer compressive strength and its sensitivity to key parameters.
  • To utilize ANN model outputs for a CPLEX-based optimization method to maximize compressive strength.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and analysis of 80 one-part geopolymer mixtures from open literature.
  • Development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to predict compressive strength.
  • Implementation of a CPLEX-based optimization algorithm informed by the ANN model's parameters.

Main Results:

  • Compressive strength of one-part geopolymer pastes increases with higher Na2O content in the alkaline source and increased slag dosage.
  • Exceeding 6% Na2O content (by fly ash weight) in alkaline sources resulted in decreased compressive strength.
  • The optimal alkaline activator dosage was determined to be 12% by fly ash weight, corresponding to 6% Na2O.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified key factors influencing one-part geopolymer compressive strength, including alkaline activator type and dosage, and slag content.
  • The developed ANN model provides a reliable tool for estimating and optimizing the compressive strength of one-part geopolymer concrete and mortar.
  • The findings support the broader application of sustainable one-part geopolymer materials by enabling better production and performance tuning.