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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells
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Lymph Node Stromal Cells: Mapmakers of T Cell Immunity.

Guillaume Harlé1, Camille Kowalski1, Laure Garnier1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stromal cells (SCs) in lymph nodes are key regulators of immune responses. This review explores how these stromal cells (SCs) influence T cell immunity in autoimmunity, viral infections, and cancer.

Keywords:
T cellsalloimmunityautoimmunitycancerlymph node stromal cellsviral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microenvironment Dynamics

Background:

  • Stromal cells (SCs) are crucial structural and regulatory components within lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.
  • Recent research reveals significant heterogeneity and functional specialization among SC subsets, influenced by their microenvironment.
  • Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and T cell tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) in shaping peripheral T cell responses.
  • To elucidate the impact of LNSCs in various immune contexts, including autoimmunity, viral infections, and cancer immunity.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on stromal cell biology and immunology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating LNSC function in different physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • SCs exhibit plasticity, with significant changes in number and phenotype during inflammation (e.g., viral infections, tumors).
  • LNSCs can either promote T cell activation or contribute to immune control, depending on the context.
  • Distinct SC subsets demonstrate specialized functions in modulating immune cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Stromal cells within lymph nodes are critical orchestrators of adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding LNSC functions is essential for developing strategies to modulate T cell responses in diverse immune challenges.
  • The microenvironment significantly influences LNSC specialization and their contribution to immune outcomes.