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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
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Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
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General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I01:22

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Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
The classification of fluid...
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Single Pipe Systems01:24

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In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are...
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II01:24

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II

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When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
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Non-Contact Monitoring on the Flow Status inside a Pulsating Heat Pipe.

Yang Chen1, Yongqing He1,2, Xiaoqin Zhu1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates thermal-to-electrical energy conversion using magnetic fluid slugs in a pulsating heat pipe (PHP). The system generates electromotive force from fluid motion, showing potential for novel sensor applications.

Keywords:
electromagneticsmagnetic fluidsmagnetism theorypulsating heat pipesensors

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Conversion
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Presents a novel concept for thermal-to-electrical energy conversion utilizing the oscillatory motion of magnetic fluid slugs.
  • Employs a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) to generate vapor-magnetic fluid plug-slug flow within a snake-shaped capillary tube.

Discussion:

  • Investigates the generation of electromotive force (EMF) through the variation of magnetic flux caused by magnetized magnetic fluid slugs passing through copper coils.
  • Analyzes the impact of slug velocity, heat input, and magnetic particle concentration on the induced EMF, with observed peak voltages ranging from 0.1 mV to 4.4 mV.

Key Insights:

  • A theoretical model is established, incorporating working fluid velocity, PHP inner radius, and fluid-pipe wall contact angle.
  • Compares theoretical predictions with experimental results to understand the influence of key parameters on EMF generation.

Outlook:

  • Highlights the potential application of this technology in the field of sensors.
  • Suggests further research into optimizing parameters like tube inner radius, working fluid velocity, and contact angle for enhanced EMF output.