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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Isolation and Cannulation of Cerebral Parenchymal Arterioles
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Brain arteriolosclerosis.

Brittney L Blevins1, Harry V Vinters2, Seth Love3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.

Acta Neuropathologica
|October 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC), a common condition in older adults, involves thickening of brain arterioles and is linked to cognitive decline. Further research is needed to understand its complex causes and potential subcategories.

Keywords:
ArteriosclerosisNeuroimagingNeuropathologySVDSenescencecAVU

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Gerontology
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC) is characterized by arteriolar wall thickening, frequently observed in aged individuals.
  • It is associated with cognitive impairment, with hypertension and diabetes as known risk factors.
  • Emerging research suggests more complex risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique architecture of brain arterioles and histomorphologic features of B-ASC.
  • To discuss neuroimaging findings, epidemiology, genetic risk factors, and co-occurrence with other neuropathologies like Alzheimer's disease and LATE.
  • To explore interactions between metabolic syndrome and brain arteriolar pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on B-ASC, including histomorphology, neuroimaging, epidemiology, and genetics.
  • Analysis of clinical-pathologic studies examining B-ASC and comorbid diseases.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methodologies and classification schemes for cerebral small vessel diseases.

Main Results:

  • B-ASC is prevalent in individuals over 80 years old.
  • B-ASC is independently associated with impairments in global cognition, memory, and perceptual speed.
  • It is also linked to autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonism.

Conclusions:

  • B-ASC is a complex and under-studied contributor to age-related neurologic disability.
  • There are likely distinct subcategories of B-ASC with differing pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Further research is critical to address knowledge gaps and understand B-ASC's role in cognitive decline.