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Updated: Dec 4, 2025
Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
Published on: October 3, 2020
Translation, reliability, and validity of the avoidance endurance questionnaire in Iranian subjects with chronic
Sarvenaz Karimi Ghasem Abad1, Behnam Akhbari1, Mahyar Salavati1
1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background:
To cross-cultural adaptation, test-retest reliability, construct validity of the Persian version of avoidance endurance questionnaire (AEQ) in Iranian subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNSNP).
Objective:
The AEQ differentiates endurance responses [ER; positive mood scale (PMS), thought suppression scale (TSS), pain persistence behavior scale (PPS), humor/distraction scale (HDS), and behavioral endurance scale (BES) from fear-avoidance responses (FARs; anxiety/depression scale (ADS), catastrophizing scale (CTS), helplessness/hopelessness scale (HHS), avoidance of social activities scale (ASAS), and avoidance of physical activities scale (APAS)].
Methods:
One hundred and thirty persons with CNSNP took part in this psychometric study. The translation process was done by Beaton guideline. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were presented by intraclass coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The construct validity was measured by the correlation between AEQ subscales and the Short-form health survey (SF-12), visual analog scale (VAS), fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK), and neck disability index (NDI).
Results:
The Cronbach's alpha of all FAR and ER subscales was more than 0.7, and ICCs of all FAR subscales were more than 0.8 and ICCs of ER subscales were reported between 0.59 and 0.86. The correlation between FAR subscales and TKS, FABQ, FABQ.PA, FABQ.W, NDI, PCS, and VAS were the limit between -0.239 and 0.199, and the association between ER subscales and the abovementioned questionnaires was the limit between 0.179 and 0.644.
Conclusions:
The Persian version of AEQ showed acceptable reliability (test-retest, internal consistency) for FAR and ER, and also the construct validity was acceptable. The Persian version of AEQ had acceptable psychometric properties, thus it is a good instrument to identify fear avoidance and ERs of the pain.
