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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

101
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
101
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

124
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
124
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
132
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

128
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
128
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

151
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
151
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Update on pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Alexis Tracy1, Safiyyah Bhatti1, Lawrence F Eichenfield2

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, USA.

Cutis
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research offers new insights into atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adolescents, covering its causes, prevalence, and quality of life impacts. Novel topical and systemic treatments are also reviewed, including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) significantly impacts the quality of life for children and adolescents, affecting sleep for both patients and their families.
  • Epidemiological studies reveal varying prevalence rates and disease patterns in pediatric populations.
  • Established and emerging therapeutic strategies for AD are continuously evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in understanding atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis and epidemiology.
  • To review the impact of AD on the quality of life in pediatric populations.
  • To summarize novel therapeutic agents recently approved or in late-stage development for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of epidemiological studies focusing on pediatric AD.
  • Evaluation of newly approved and investigational therapies for AD.

Main Results:

  • New insights into AD pathogenesis and epidemiology in children and adolescents.
  • Significant impact of AD on sleep quality for affected children and their families.
  • Review of novel therapies including topical crisaborole, topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tapinarof, oral JAK inhibitors, and dupilumab.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of atopic dermatitis management is rapidly advancing with new therapeutic options for pediatric patients.
  • Understanding the multifaceted impact of AD on quality of life is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
  • Ongoing research and clinical trials are expanding treatment possibilities for atopic dermatitis in younger populations.