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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization
08:19

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

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Polymer-assisted TEM specimen preparation method for oxidation-sensitive 2D materials.

Janis Köster1, Baokun Liang1, Alexander Storm1

  • 1Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.

Nanotechnology
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wet etching hinders atomically-resolved characterization of oxidation-sensitive 2D materials. A new polymer-assisted, mechanical exfoliation method preserves pristine structures by minimizing oxidation during sample preparation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Atomically-resolved structural characterization of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial for understanding their properties.
  • Oxidation-sensitive 2D materials, such as transition metal phosphorus trisulfides and transition metal dichalcogenides, pose significant challenges for preparation and analysis.
  • Conventional wet etching transfer methods can introduce surface contamination and oxidation, compromising structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate an alternative sample preparation method for oxidation-sensitive 2D materials.
  • To enable reliable atomically-resolved structural characterization of pristine 2D material surfaces.
  • To identify the origin of discrepancies in structural analysis caused by sample preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a polymer-assisted and mechanical exfoliation technique for 2D material transfer.
  • Comparative analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • Evaluation of oxidation levels on samples prepared with conventional wet etching versus the new method.

Main Results:

  • Wet etching transfer methods involving acids or bases lead to significant oxidation of reactive 2D material surfaces.
  • The novel polymer-assisted, mechanical exfoliation method substantially reduces oxidation during the final preparation step.
  • Atomically-resolved structural characterization of pristine 2D material structures is achievable with the new preparation technique.

Conclusions:

  • The final transfer step in sample preparation is critical for preserving the integrity of oxidation-sensitive 2D materials.
  • The developed polymer-assisted, mechanical exfoliation method offers a viable alternative to wet etching for high-fidelity structural analysis.
  • This advancement facilitates accurate investigation of intrinsic properties of sensitive 2D materials.