Effect of Sand on Knee Load During a Single-Leg Jump Task: Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Mark C Richardson1, Sinead Murphy1, Tom Macpherson1
1Psychology, Sport and Exercise Department, Sport and Exercise Science Section, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; and.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|October 26, 2020
Summary
Jumping on sand reduces knee abduction moment and anterior-posterior tibial translation, potentially enhancing safety for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and patellofemoral pain syndrome, are common in athletes.
- Jump-landing tasks are frequently incorporated into injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
- Understanding the impact of surface variations on knee joint loading is crucial for optimizing training and recovery protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of landing on sand versus firm ground on knee joint loads during single-leg jump tasks.
- To compare knee abduction moment (KAM), anterior-posterior (AP) tibial translation, and total knee shear force across different landing surfaces and jump heights.
- To assess the implications of these findings for injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Main Methods:
- Seventeen healthy subjects performed single-leg jumps from level and 30-cm elevated surfaces onto both sand and firm ground.
- Kinematic and kinetic data were collected to analyze KAM, AP tibial translation, and total knee shear force.
- A repeated-measures design and magnitude-based inferences were used for data analysis.
Main Results:
- Sand landing significantly reduced the knee abduction moment (KAM) compared to firm ground, particularly during drop jumps.
- A possibly moderate beneficial effect of sand was observed on anterior-posterior (AP) tibial translation during level jumps.
- The effect of sand on total knee shear force was inconclusive.
Conclusions:
- Landing on sand may offer a safer alternative to firm ground for jump-based exercises in anterior cruciate ligament and patellofemoral joint injury prevention and rehabilitation.
- The reduced knee loading on sand could potentially allow for earlier and safer implementation of jumping activities in rehabilitation programs.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the effects of sand on all aspects of knee joint loading.
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