[Anesthesia systems]
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats
Published on: September 7, 2016
1Abteilung für Anaesthesie und Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth-Stift, Damme.
Abstract:
A clear understanding of technical details is essential for safe handling of anesthetic machines. Following the ideas of E.A. Ernst, it is suggested that anesthesia systems be differentiated according to the underlying principles of construction into rebreathing systems, flow- and valve-controlled non-rebreathing systems, and systems without reservoirs. This classification seems much clearer than the usual differentiation into closed, semiclosed, semiopen, and open systems, which is based upon functional criteria. Anesthesia systems must be understood as technical parts (hardware) of anesthetic machines with variable function according to the chosen fresh gas flow (software). An unequivocal characterization of an anesthetic system will only be possible if its technical properties are described together with the fresh gas flow used. Most anesthetic machines currently in use are equipped with a circle system and sophisticated monitoring, which is designed for the rebreathing technique. This technique can only be used advantageously, however, if the rebreathing system is used in conjunction with substantially reduced fresh gas flows.
Related Concept Videos
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Stages of General Anesthesia
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

