The embryonic origin of periodic colour patterns

Because they vary extensively, the periodic colour motifs that adorn the coat of vertebrates historically served to study the formation and evolution of biological patterns. While two major patterning strategies, namely instructional signalling and self-organisation, have been theorised from numerical and empirical work in model organisms, the origin, nature, and mode of action of factors underlying these strategies in vivo remains unclear. To address this question our laboratory designed a method based on opportunistic surveys of natural variation in periodic plumage motifs. We linked common and varying elements of the striped pattern seen in juvenile poultry birds to early embryonic instruction from the somite and late dose-dependent mechanisms occurring during skin development. These results reconciled patterning theories, showing they combine in a two-step process shaping natural variation in a typical periodic pattern.