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Related Experiment Videos

Essential fatty acids and epidermal integrity.

P W Wertz1, D C Swartzendruber, W Abraham

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Marshall Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.

Archives of Dermatology
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Linoleic acid is crucial for forming lipid sheets in the stratum corneum. Its absence leads to defective skin barrier formation due to altered O-acylsphingolipid composition.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The stratum corneum's intercellular spaces are filled with multilamellar lipid sheets.
  • These sheets originate from lamellar granules within keratinocytes.
  • Proper skin barrier function relies on the integrity of these lipid structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of linoleic acid in the formation of lamellar granules and extracellular lipid sheets.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying defective skin barrier formation in the absence of linoleic acid.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lamellar granule contents and extracellular sheet formation under varying linoleic acid availability.
  • Biochemical characterization of O-acylsphingolipids and their fatty acid composition.

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  • Investigation of the structural role of specific lipid components in lamellar granule assembly.

    • Main Results:

    • Absence of linoleic acid results in empty lamellar granules and fragmented extracellular sheets.
    • Defective differentiation is linked to the substitution of oleate for linoleate in O-acylsphingolipids.
    • Linoleate is normally ester-linked to long-chain omega-hydroxyacids, which are amide-linked to sphingosine, facilitating lipid bilayer interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Linoleic acid is essential for the proper assembly and extrusion of lamellar granules.
    • The specific structure of O-acylsphingolipids, particularly the incorporation of linoleic acid, is critical for maintaining the skin barrier.
    • Acylceramides and omega-hydroxyacylsphingosines may play roles in stabilizing extracellular lipid sheets and forming the horny cell envelope.