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Dynamic changes in numerical acuity in 4-month-old infants.

Jinjing Jenny Wang1,2, Lisa Feigenson1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
|October 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Four-month-old infants show developing approximate number sense, discriminating larger numerical changes. Their numerical precision improves with combined visual and auditory input, suggesting early sensitivity to intersensory redundancy.

Keywords:
Approximate Number Systemcognitive developmentinfantsintersensory redundancynumerical cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Numerical Cognition

Background:

  • Preverbal infants possess an approximate number sense, enabling discrimination of numerosities.
  • Numerical precision improves throughout development, but early infancy changes are less understood.
  • Previous research indicates 6-month-olds can discriminate 1:2 ratios, but not 2:3 ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate numerical precision in 4-month-old infants.
  • To examine developmental changes in the first half-year of life regarding number sense.
  • To assess the impact of intersensory redundancy on early numerical abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a visual habituation task with 128 four-month-old infants.
  • Compared numerical discrimination abilities across different ratios (1:4, 1:3, 1:2).
  • Assessed performance with both visual-only and combined visual-auditory stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Four-month-olds discriminated a 1:4 ratio but not a 1:3 ratio, indicating poorer precision than 6-month-olds.
  • Numerical precision improved in 4-month-olds when redundant visual and auditory information was provided.
  • With bimodal input, 4-month-olds discriminated a 1:3 ratio but not a 1:2 ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Approximate Number System (ANS) precision develops early in infancy.
  • Early numerical abilities appear sensitive to intersensory redundancy as early as 4 months.
  • This study provides evidence for developmental changes in number sense within the first six months of life.