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Real-time precise point positioning (PPP) using BeiDou-3/BeiDou-2 (BDS-3/BDS-2) satellite observations achieves centimeter-level accuracy. This study evaluates the global positioning performance and convergence times for BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time PPP.

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Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Satellite Navigation Systems
  • Geodesy

Background:

  • Real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is crucial for time-critical applications.
  • The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has seen rapid development, with the global BDS-3 constellation now fully deployed.
  • The CLK93 real-time stream supports BDS-3, making real-time PPP with BDS-3 observations feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the global positioning performance of real-time PPP using combined BDS-3 and BDS-2 observations.
  • To analyze the convergence time and accuracy of BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time PPP in static and kinematic modes.
  • To assess the availability and quality of BDS-3/BDS-2 constellations and their real-time precise products.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized datasets from 147 ground stations for performance evaluation.
  • Processed real-time PPP using combined BDS-3/BDS-2 observations.
  • Analyzed positioning accuracy and convergence times in both static and kinematic modes.
  • Compared BDS-3/BDS-2 PPP results with Global Positioning System (GPS) data.

Main Results:

  • Static mode achieved accuracies of 1.8 cm (East), 1.2 cm (North), and 2.5 cm (Up).
  • Kinematic mode achieved accuracies of 6.7 cm (East), 5.1 cm (North), and 10.4 cm (Up).
  • Convergence times (10 cm threshold) were 32.9 min (East), 23.7 min (North), and 32.8 min (Up) in static mode; 66.9 min (East), 42.9 min (North), and 69.1 min (Up) in kinematic mode.

Conclusions:

  • Real-time PPP with combined BDS-3/BDS-2 observations demonstrates high positioning accuracy and feasibility.
  • The performance of BDS-3/BDS-2 real-time PPP is suitable for precise positioning applications.
  • Further analysis included constellation availability, product quality, and comparison with GPS.