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Longitudinal Changes of Deep and Surface Learning in a Constructivist Pharmacy Curriculum.

Andries S Koster1, Jan D Vermunt2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacy students in a constructivist curriculum show significant growth in deep learning and self-regulation skills. This six-year program effectively enhances critical thinking and analytical abilities, preparing students for advanced practice.

Keywords:
constructivist curriculumdeep approachlearning approacheslongitudinal changesself-regulated learning

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Educational Psychology
  • Learning Strategies

Background:

  • Utrecht University's Pharmacy program utilizes an educational model for deep, self-regulated learning.
  • The effectiveness of this model in achieving its objectives was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess longitudinal changes in student learning processing and regulation strategies.
  • To evaluate these changes during progression through a constructivist-based curriculum.

Main Methods:

  • The Inventory of Learning patterns of Students (ILS) measured processing strategies (deep, stepwise, concrete), regulation strategies (self- vs. external), and learning conceptions.
  • Longitudinal data from 90 students across bachelor (years 1/2) and master (years 4/5) phases were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Deep processing (critical thinking, ES=0.94), stepwise processing (analyzing, ES=0.55), and concrete processing (ES=0.78) significantly increased.
  • These changes correlated with a constructivist view of learning and a substantial increase in self-regulating strategies (ES=0.75).

Conclusions:

  • The six-year undergraduate Pharmacy program effectively fosters deep and self-regulated learning strategies.
  • The curriculum's constructivist principles appear to mediate the development of these essential learning skills in pharmacy students.