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    This study introduces a novel vector optical-chirp-chain (OCC) Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer (BOTDA) using complex principal component analysis (CPCA). This method enhances sensing accuracy for distributed temperature sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber optic sensing
    • Optical metrology
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) is a key technology for distributed fiber sensing.
    • Traditional BOTDA systems suffer from polarization-dependent loss and fading, limiting accuracy.
    • Vector BOTDA using optical-chirp-chain (OCC) probes offers potential for improved performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally demonstrate a vector optical-chirp-chain (OCC) Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer (BOTDA) system.
    • To achieve polarization-fading-free complex Brillouin spectrum (CBS) measurement.
    • To enhance sensing accuracy using complex principal component analysis (CPCA).

    Main Methods:

    • Employing a four-tone OCC probe with two orthogonal polarization states.
    • Acquiring the complex Brillouin spectrum (CBS) by combining amplitude and phase response spectra.
    • Utilizing complex principal component analysis (CPCA) for Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) determination.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a polarization-fading-free vector OCC-BOTDA.
    • Achieved a sensing accuracy improvement by a factor of up to 1.4.
    • Successfully performed distributed temperature sensing over 20 km of standard single-mode fiber with 6 m spatial resolution and <1 MHz frequency uncertainty.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed vector OCC-BOTDA with CPCA effectively overcomes polarization fading.
    • The system offers enhanced sensing accuracy and high spatial resolution for distributed temperature sensing.
    • This technique presents a robust solution for long-range fiber optic sensing applications.