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Membrane heist: Coronavirus host membrane remodeling during replication

Jingshu Zhang1, Yun Lan2, Sumana Sanyal3

  • 1Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands.

Biochimie
|October 29, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates new therapies. This review details the structure, function, and formation of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in SARS-CoV-2 replication, identifying potential drug targets.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths globally.
  • Effective therapeutic interventions are urgently needed, requiring a deep understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle.
  • Coronaviruses, like other positive-sense RNA viruses, create specialized compartments for viral RNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on coronavirus-induced double-membrane vesicles (DMVs).
  • To highlight the structure, lipid composition, function, and biogenesis of DMVs.
  • To identify druggable host and viral factors involved in DMV formation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on coronavirus replication and DMVs.
  • Analysis of structural and biochemical data related to DMVs.
  • Identification of potential therapeutic targets within the DMV biogenesis pathway.

Main Results:

  • DMVs are crucial viral replication compartments formed by coronaviruses.
  • The formation and function of DMVs involve specific viral and cellular factors.
  • These factors represent potential targets for novel antiviral therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DMV structure, composition, and biogenesis is key to developing SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
  • Targeting host-virus interactions at the DMV level offers a promising strategy for antiviral drug development.
  • Further research into the molecular mechanisms of DMV formation can accelerate the discovery of new treatments for COVID-19.
Keywords:
CoronavirusDouble membrane vesiclesLipid metabolism

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