Wind speed pattern data and wind energy potential in Pakistan: current status, challenging platforms and innovative...

Energy is an essential parameter for the economic growth and sustainable development of any country. Due to the rapid increase in energy demand, depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns, many developing and developed countries are moving towards alternative renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass. Wind energy as a renewable energy source is gaining a lot of significant attention. Wind energy is a sustainable solution to produce energy having potential benefits such as clean source, reduced toxic gases emission and environmental friendly protocol for operation. Pakistan is among the top countries facing the worst energy crisis due to different political and financial issues. Pakistan is blessed with a huge potential of wind energy having all the basic requirements such as windy regions and good wind speed for harnessing energy. Pakistan can utilize the potential of wind energy to reduce the problem of energy outrage in the country and also take steps towards green economy from conventional fuel economy. This critical review highlights the current status, potential and the steps taken in the past and present to overcome the energy shortage in Pakistan by employing wind energy. Outlook on wind speed data, deployment of wind energy, environmental effect of wind energy and its barriers in the adoption are discussed with recommendations and suggestions to utilize this clean energy in an effective way. Graphical abstract.