Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion: A case report

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Neurology
• Neuroimmunology

Background:

• Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a rare neurological disorder.
• AESD has been predominantly reported in the Japanese population.

Observation:

• A 17-month-old male presented with biphasic seizures, coma, and fever.
• Neuroimaging revealed reduced diffusion in the bilateral subcortical white matter on day 4.
• The patient experienced recurrent coma and complex partial seizures.

Findings:

• Diagnosis of AESD was confirmed.
• Treatment involved corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.
• The patient showed significant recovery with independent ambulation and seizure control at 4-month follow-up.

Implications:

• AESD is a rare but treatable condition.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and IVIg are crucial for favorable outcomes.
• Increased clinical awareness of AESD is necessary for early detection and management.