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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Related Experiment Video

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Mapping Progressive Gray Matter Alterations in Early Childhood Autistic Brain.

Xiaonan Guo1, Xujun Duan1,2, John Suckling3

  • 1Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves atypical brain development. In young children with ASD, the fusiform face area shows altered gray matter development impacting social brain networks.

Keywords:
Granger causalityautism spectrum disordergray matter volumeneurodevelopmentstructural magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early onset.
  • Understanding the progressive structural brain changes in early childhood ASD is crucial for early intervention.
  • Previous research indicates brain structural differences in ASD, but developmental trajectories require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate progressive structural brain alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during early childhood.
  • To examine the effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction on gray matter volume.
  • To map the influence of brain structural changes on the social brain network with increasing age.

Main Methods:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) scans were analyzed in 67 children with ASD and 63 typically developing (TD) children (aged 2-7 years).
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and general linear models (GLM) were employed to assess gray matter volume differences.
  • Causal structural covariance network analysis was used to explore interregional influences and developmental effects.

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD exhibited widespread gray matter volume increases compared to TD children, independent of age-related effects.
  • A significant diagnosis-by-age interaction was found in the fusiform face area (FFA) and cerebellum/vermis.
  • In ASD, the developmental trajectory of the FFA showed altered influences on social brain network regions (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The findings reveal atypical neurodevelopment of the fusiform face area (FFA) in the autistic brain during early childhood.
  • Altered developmental influences of the FFA on the social brain network are highlighted in ASD.
  • These insights contribute to understanding the neural underpinnings of social communication differences in autism spectrum disorder.