Study on the Effect of the Five-in-One Comprehensive Limb Salvage Technologies of Treating Severe Diabetic Foot

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and advantages of five-in-one comprehensive limb salvage technologies for the treatment of severe diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Approach: Clinical data for 120 patients with severe DFU treated between January 2012 and December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The control group (48 cases) was treated with traditional therapies, including controlling blood sugar, improving microcirculation, preserving nerve function, and dressing changes, whereas the experimental group (72 cases) was treated with traditional therapy combined with additional techniques, such as early and thorough debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, revascularization, and skin graft or flap. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO₂), wound healing rate, healing time, ulcer recurrence rate, and amputation rate were recorded. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group significantly improved wound healing rate (93.1% vs. 72.9%; p < 0.01), decreased wound healing time (16.2 ± 5.4 days vs. 32.2 ± 7.8 days; p < 0.05), reduced major limb amputation rate (1.4% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.05), and ulcer recurrence rate (5.6% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in amputation rate between experimental and control group (29.2% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.628). After revascularization, the revascularization group showed significantly improved ABI (0.75 ± 0.21 vs. 0.35 ± 0.16, p < 0.05) and TcPO₂ (36 ± 6 mmHg vs. 15 ± 4 mmHg, p < 0.05). Innovation: We propose a five-in-one comprehensive treatment method, which provides a multidisciplinary cooperative model for comprehensive medical and surgical treatments for DFU. Conclusion: The five-in-one comprehensive limb salvage treatment technologies played a vital role in enhancing the healing rate of severe DFU, shortening the healing time, and reducing the rate of recurrence and major amputation, thus improving the overall quality of life.