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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
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Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion Does Not Influence the Efficacy of Prostatic Artery Embolization.

Marcio Meira1, André M de Assis2, Airton M Moreira2

  • 1Interventional Radiology Department, Radiology Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar Avenue, 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR
|October 31, 2020
PubMed
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Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) effectively treats benign prostatic hyperplasia across all intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) grades. While outcomes were similar, higher IPP grades saw increased complications, indicating careful patient selection for PAE.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men.
  • Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a key factor in BPH severity.
  • Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a minimally invasive treatment for BPH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of PAE in patients with varying degrees of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP).
  • To assess treatment outcomes and complication rates of PAE based on IPP severity.
  • To evaluate the 12-month efficacy of PAE across different IPP grades.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 128 patients undergoing PAE (2013-2017).
  • Patients classified into IPP grades I (<10 mm), II (10-19 mm), and III (≥20 mm).

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  • Comparison of prostatic volume (PV), IPSS, and QoL at 12-month follow-up; clinical failure defined as IPSS >7 or QoL >2.

    • Main Results:

    • PAE led to significant reductions in IPP and improvements in PV, IPSS, and QoL across all grades (P < .01).
    • No correlation found between baseline IPP and 12-month outcomes after adjusting for baseline PV.
    • Clinical failure rates were similar across IPP grades (13.3%, P = .20); minor complications occurred in 33.6%, major in 2.3%.

    Conclusions:

    • PAE demonstrates similar efficacy in treating BPH regardless of IPP grade at 12 months.
    • Clinical outcomes and failure rates are comparable between different IPP grades following PAE.
    • Higher complication rates were observed in patients with IPP grade III compared to grade II.