Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health crisis.
• SARS-CoV-2 utilizes ACE2 receptors for host cell entry, leading to diverse clinical presentations.
• Emerging evidence indicates SARS-CoV-2's potential to affect the central nervous system (CNS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and document the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations associated with COVID-19.
• To highlight the spectrum of neurological symptoms reported in COVID-19 patients.
• To emphasize the importance of considering CNS involvement in COVID-19 patient care.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of reported central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
• Synthesis of clinical findings related to neurological symptoms in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Analysis of the range and severity of reported neurological conditions.

Main Results:

• A wide array of CNS manifestations have been documented, including headache, altered consciousness, anosmia, ageusia, encephalitis, seizures, and stroke.
• Other reported neurological conditions include myelitis, encephalopathy, and neurogenic respiratory failure.
• Silent hypoxemia and syndromes like Kawasaki disease have also been linked to COVID-19 neurological impact.

Conclusions:

• Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are a significant clinical consideration in COVID-19.
• Current clinical protocols may require adaptation to effectively manage neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
• Prompt recognition and appropriate management strategies are essential for improving outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and neurological involvement.