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Active biomaterials for mechanobiology.

Berna Özkale1, Mahmut Selman Sakar2, David J Mooney1

  • 1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Biomaterials
|October 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active biomaterials dynamically adjust their properties to probe cell responses, advancing mechanobiology research. These smart materials offer new insights into cellular signaling and potential therapies for diseases like cancer and fibrosis.

Keywords:
ActuationDynamic matricesNanomaterialsProgrammable

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cellular Mechanobiology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Active biomaterials are engineered materials that can change their physical properties in response to external stimuli.
  • These materials are crucial for understanding mechanotransduction, the process by which cells convert mechanical signals into biochemical ones.
  • Current research focuses on developing advanced active biomaterials for biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of active biomaterials in studying cellular responses to mechanical forces.
  • To discuss how these materials can be used to probe mechanotransduction in mammalian cells.
  • To highlight the potential therapeutic applications of active biomaterials in various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporating stimuli-responsive components (molecules, polymers, nanoparticles) into cytocompatible biopolymer networks.
  • Utilizing external signals like light, heat, chemicals, or magnetic fields to modulate matrix elasticity or apply forces.
  • Investigating cellular responses at the cell-material interface with controlled mechanical changes.

Main Results:

  • Active biomaterials can dynamically alter matrix elasticity (kPa range) and apply forces (pN to μN range).
  • These platforms enable the study of diverse cellular responses, including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear events.
  • Demonstrated potential for studying cell migration and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Active biomaterials represent a powerful tool for advancing mechanobiology research.
  • They offer significant potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for conditions such as cancer metastasis, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration.
  • Future developments in active biomaterials promise further breakthroughs in understanding and treating diseases.