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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs

Published on: October 27, 2023

Soft Embodiment for Engineering Artificial Limbs.

Tamar R Makin¹, Frederique de Vignemont², Silvestro Micera³

¹Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

|November 1, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two methods, "hard" and "soft" embodiment, can improve artificial limb (AL) integration by using the brain’s existing neural and cognitive resources. These approaches offer complementary ways to enhance embodiment for ALs.

Keywords:

artificial limb assistive technology motor control neuroprosthesis substitution

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Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

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Published on: October 27, 2023

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Published on: November 14, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

Artificial limb (AL) integration remains a challenge.
Harnessing neural resources is key for effective embodiment.
Existing cognitive and neural mechanisms offer potential solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To present two complementary strategies for improving artificial limb embodiment.
To explore how neural and cognitive resources can be leveraged for AL integration.
To introduce 'hard' and 'soft' embodiment as distinct approaches.

Main Methods:

Defining 'hard' embodiment: mimicking original biological functions of neural/cognitive mechanisms.
Defining 'soft' embodiment: recycling neural/cognitive mechanisms for new functions.
Highlighting the complementary nature of both approaches for AL integration.

Main Results:

'Hard' embodiment leverages intact neural pathways by closely replicating biological functions.
'Soft' embodiment repurposes neural and cognitive mechanisms for novel functional integration.
Both methods offer viable pathways for enhancing the user's sense of embodiment with ALs.

Conclusions:

'Hard' and 'soft' embodiment provide distinct yet complementary frameworks for AL integration.
These strategies offer novel ways to utilize the brain's inherent capabilities for improved artificial limb use.
Further research into these embodiment approaches can advance prosthetic technology and user experience.