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Angular deformities of the lower limbs in children
1James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis.
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|October 1, 1987
Summary
Most childhood bowlegs and knock-knees resolve naturally. Pathologic causes require intervention, such as bracing or surgery, for functional or cosmetic issues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Child Development
Background:
- Bowlegs (physiologic varus) and knock-knees (physiologic valgus) are common in children.
- Most cases represent normal developmental progression and self-correct.
- A subset of children present with pathologic malalignment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate between physiologic and pathologic causes of lower limb malalignment in children.
- To discuss common etiologies of pathologic conditions requiring intervention.
- To inform clinical assessment and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of common pediatric lower limb alignment variations.
- Discussion of diagnostic criteria for differentiating physiologic from pathologic states.
- Categorization of etiologies for pathologic malalignment.
Main Results:
- The majority of bowlegs and knock-knees resolve spontaneously.
- Pathologic malalignment can lead to significant functional or cosmetic problems.
- Common causes of pathologic malalignment include Blount's disease, rickets, hereditary conditions, infection, and trauma.
Conclusions:
- Distinguishing physiologic from pathologic limb alignment is crucial for appropriate management.
- Early identification of pathologic conditions ensures timely intervention, potentially preventing long-term complications.
- Treatment options range from observation to bracing and surgical correction.