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Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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Classifying Streamflow Duration: The Scientific Basis and an Operational Framework for Method Development.

Ken M Fritz1, Tracie-Lynn Nadeau2,3, Julia E Kelso3,4

  • 1Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

Water
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Field-based Streamflow Duration Assessment Methods (SDAMs) use physical and biological indicators to classify stream flow. These tools are crucial for water resource management where mapping and remote sensing are limited.

Keywords:
classificationephemeralflow durationflow permanenceindicatorsintermittencyintermittentperennialrapid assessmenttemporary

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Ecology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Streamflow duration is critical for classifying streams (perennial, intermittent, ephemeral) for water management.
  • Existing methods like maps and remote sensing have limitations in accurately depicting stream extent and flow duration.
  • Field-based tools are necessary for practitioners and to validate hydrographic data and models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific basis of indicators used in Streamflow Duration Assessment Methods (SDAMs).
  • To present conceptual and operational frameworks for developing effective SDAMs.
  • To highlight priorities for advancing SDAMs for improved streamflow assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the scientific literature on physical and biological indicators of streamflow duration.
  • Development of conceptual and operational frameworks for SDAMs.
  • Integration of hydrologic data and indicators within a data-driven framework.

Main Results:

  • Indicators can act as responses to or controls of flow duration, integrating aquatic and terrestrial responses.
  • A conceptual framework illustrates the relationships between study reaches, hydrologic data, and indicators.
  • A generalized operational framework outlines five steps for SDAM development: preparation, data collection, analysis, evaluation, and implementation.

Conclusions:

  • SDAMs provide a vital field-based approach to assess streamflow duration where other methods fall short.
  • Advancements in SDAMs require expanded gauging of nonperennial streams, citizen science integration, and improved statistical methods.
  • Effective SDAMs enhance water resource management by providing accurate streamflow classification.