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Reovirus: Friend and Foe

Michael R Eledge1, Marcelle Dina Zita1, Karl W Boehme1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) shows dual potential: it effectively targets cancer cells for therapy and may trigger celiac disease (CeD) by disrupting oral tolerance, highlighting its complex role in human health.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a significant tool for studying viral replication and pathogenesis.
  • While most reovirus infections are subclinical, recent research has increased its clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in reovirus oncolysis for cancer therapy.
  • To explore the emerging role of reovirus in celiac disease (CeD) pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on reovirus oncolysis and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of studies using mouse models to investigate reovirus's effect on oral tolerance in celiac disease.

Main Results:

  • Reovirus demonstrates oncolytic capacity, killing cancer cells more effectively than normal cells, and is being developed as a cancer therapeutic.
  • Genetically engineered reovirus aims to enhance its oncolytic potential and its synergy with immunotherapy.
  • Studies in mouse models suggest reovirus can induce loss of oral tolerance to dietary antigens, indicating a potential role in triggering celiac disease.

Conclusions:

  • Reovirus exhibits a dual role as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer and a potential trigger for celiac disease.
  • Further research into reovirus oncolysis and its immunomodulatory effects is crucial.
  • Understanding reovirus's role in CeD pathogenesis may lead to new insights into autoimmune disease triggers.
Keywords:
cancerceliac diseaseoncolyticsreovirustype-1 interferon

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