Reovirus: Friend and Foe
Michael R Eledge1, Marcelle Dina Zita1, Karl W Boehme1,2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
|November 2, 2020
Summary
Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) shows dual potential: it effectively targets cancer cells for therapy and may trigger celiac disease (CeD) by disrupting oral tolerance, highlighting its complex role in human health.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a significant tool for studying viral replication and pathogenesis.
- While most reovirus infections are subclinical, recent research has increased its clinical relevance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in reovirus oncolysis for cancer therapy.
- To explore the emerging role of reovirus in celiac disease (CeD) pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on reovirus oncolysis and immunotherapy.
- Analysis of studies using mouse models to investigate reovirus's effect on oral tolerance in celiac disease.
Main Results:
- Reovirus demonstrates oncolytic capacity, killing cancer cells more effectively than normal cells, and is being developed as a cancer therapeutic.
- Genetically engineered reovirus aims to enhance its oncolytic potential and its synergy with immunotherapy.
- Studies in mouse models suggest reovirus can induce loss of oral tolerance to dietary antigens, indicating a potential role in triggering celiac disease.
Conclusions:
- Reovirus exhibits a dual role as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer and a potential trigger for celiac disease.
- Further research into reovirus oncolysis and its immunomodulatory effects is crucial.
- Understanding reovirus's role in CeD pathogenesis may lead to new insights into autoimmune disease triggers.
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