Motivation theory-based physical activity programme for older adults in residential care facility: A modified Delphi...

Physical inactivity exposes older adults living in long-term care institutions to a high risk of health deterioration. Developing effective behaviour change interventions based on a theoretical framework is a pressing concern.

This study developed an 'Easy Walking' intervention programme based on the Wheel of Motivation and aimed to: (1) develop the intervention programme for promoting self-efficacy of older adults living in long-term care facilities; and (2) examine the perceived helpfulness of the intervention programme for encouraging walking behaviours.

This study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, a three-round modified Delphi process was conducted with ten experts to rate the eight motivators in the Wheel of Motivation. The Easy Walking programme was designed accordingly. In the second stage, a single-group pretest-posttest study design was employed to evaluate the Easy Walking programme. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on the changes in self-efficacy and on the perceived helpfulness regarding the programme.

The Easy Walking intervention programme features eight factors that influence motivation. Thirty older adults participated in and evaluated the programme. The results showed a significant difference in self-efficacy (t = -7.02, p < .001) of the older adults. Regarding the perceived usefulness of the intervention, the mean scores for each item ranged from 3.73 to 4.93 points. 'Safe environment' was perceived to be the most helpful factor for encouraging walking behaviours.

The Easy Walking programme enhanced the self-efficacy of institutionalised older adults and was perceived as helpful in physical activity engagement. Nursing professionals in long-term care institutions could implement the Easy Walking programme to be part of daily nursing activities.