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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

An Innovative 3D-Printed Insert Designed to Enable Straightforward 2D and 3D Cell Cultures
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Advanced biomedical applications based on emerging 3D cell culturing platforms.

Anheng Wang1, Leigh A Madden, Vesselin N Paunov

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. V.N.Paunov@hull.ac.uk.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, specifically multicellular spheroids, offer advanced in vitro models for biology and toxicology. Techniques like aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are improving their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Ethical concerns and donor limitations restrict traditional animal models.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture overcomes 2D limitations, mimicking in vivo cellular behavior.
  • 3D multicellular spheroids are increasingly recognized for their biological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for forming 3D multicellular spheroids.
  • To highlight the role of the spheroid microenvironment in biological processes.
  • To emphasize the application of spheroid models in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, focusing on ATPS techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on 3D multicellular spheroid formation.
  • Focus on aqueous two-phase system (ATPS)-based techniques.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies like magnetic levitation.

Main Results:

  • 3D spheroids closely simulate in vivo cellular interactions and functionality.
  • The extracellular microenvironment of spheroids influences cell signaling, growth, and drug responses.
  • Spheroids serve as fundamental units for engineering tissues and organs.

Conclusions:

  • 3D multicellular spheroids are valuable in vitro models with significant potential in biological studies.
  • ATPS and magnetic levitation are advancing spheroid technology, overcoming limitations.
  • Spheroid applications are expanding in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.