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An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
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Mechanical Performance of Metallic Bone Screws Evaluated Using Bone Models.

Yoshimitsu Okazaki1, Emiko Hayakawa2, Kazumasa Tanahashi2

  • 1Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1 Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Screw core diameter and effective surface area significantly impact mechanical performance. Screws with lower driving torque and higher pullout load demonstrate superior fixation, guiding future orthopedic screw development.

Keywords:
bone modelmaximum pullout loadmaximum torquemechanical performancemetallic screwpolyurethane foam

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Biomechanics
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Orthopedic implants, including screws and bolts, are crucial for bone fracture fixation.
  • Understanding the mechanical properties of these devices and their interaction with bone is essential for improving surgical outcomes.
  • Bone models are vital for standardized mechanical testing of orthopedic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mechanical performance of cortical bone screws, cancellous bone screws, and locking bolts.
  • To determine the relationship between screw design parameters (core diameter, surface area) and mechanical properties.
  • To assess the influence of bone model density on screw fixation strength.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted torsional breaking, durability, screw driving torque, and screw pullout tests on various screw types and bone models.
  • Utilized polyurethane foam bone models with varying densities to simulate bone mechanical properties.
  • Analyzed torque-rotational angle curves to estimate proof and rupture torques.

Main Results:

  • Screw proof/rupture torques and durability limits increased with core diameter.
  • Bone model strength (compressive, tensile, shear) increased with density.
  • Maximum driving torque correlated positively with screw core diameter and effective surface area.
  • Maximum pullout load increased linearly with screw engagement (rotations) and bone model strength.

Conclusions:

  • Screw core diameter and effective surface area are key factors influencing mechanical performance.
  • Bone density significantly affects screw fixation strength.
  • Screws exhibiting low driving torque and high pullout load are desirable for excellent fixation and warrant further development.