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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Generation and simple characterization of flat, liquid jets.

Samuel Menzi¹, Gregor Knopp¹, Andre Al Haddad²

¹Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|November 3, 2020

Summary

We developed a method to measure flat liquid jet thickness using light interference and absorption in one image. This technique is crucial for optimizing soft X-ray spectroscopy experiments with liquid samples.

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Last Updated: Dec 2, 2025

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Spectroscopy

Background:

Accurate characterization of liquid jets is essential for spectroscopic analysis.
Previous methods for determining liquid jet thickness were limited.
Soft X-ray spectroscopy requires precise sample thickness control.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel method for determining the absolute thickness profile of flat liquid jets.
To demonstrate the feasibility of this method using a compact experimental setup.
To enable in situ tunability of sample thickness for spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Combining thin film interference and light absorption principles.
Capturing both phenomena in a single microscopic image.
Utilizing a compact experimental setup generating flat liquid jet sheets from colliding cylindrical jets.

Main Results:

The method successfully determined thickness gradients in flat liquid jets (2–10 µm).
Stable operation of the flat jet was achieved in vacuum for extended periods.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge of ethanol was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

The developed method provides absolute thickness profiling of flat liquid jets.
The compact experimental setup is suitable for soft X-ray photon spectroscopy of liquid solutions.
This technique facilitates optimization of spectroscopic experiments by enabling in situ thickness tunability.