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Early life of Neanderthals
Alessia Nava1,2, Federico Lugli3,4, Matteo Romandini5,6
1DANTE-Diet and Ancient Technology Laboratory, Department of Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; alessia.nava@uniroma1.it federico.lugli6@unibo.it marco.peresani@unife.it w.muller@em.uni-frankfurt.de stefano.benazzi@unibo.it.
Neanderthals weaned their infants similarly to modern humans, around 5 to 6 months old. This finding, based on dental analysis, suggests comparable early life metabolic demands between Neanderthals and modern humans.
Area of Science:
- Paleoanthropology
- Human Evolution
- Dental Development
Background:
- Early weaning in modern humans supports rapid brain development.
- Neanderthal infant ontogeny and weaning strategies remain debated.
- Understanding Neanderthal development offers insights into species differences and survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the onset of weaning in late Neanderthals.
- To compare Neanderthal enamel growth rates with modern humans.
- To investigate potential factors contributing to Neanderthal extinction.
Main Methods:
- Spatially resolved chemical/isotopic analyses of deciduous teeth.
- Histomorphometry of deciduous teeth from Neanderthals and a modern human.
- Analysis of dental development and enamel growth patterns.
Main Results:
- Neanderthals exhibited a weaning onset between 5 to 6 months, similar to modern humans.
- Dental development in the studied Neanderthals was comparable to modern humans.
- Enamel growth rates indicated similar physiological constraints during early life.
Conclusions:
- Neanderthals employed a modern human-like nursing strategy.
- Early life metabolic demands were likely similar between Neanderthals and modern humans.
- Late weaning is excluded as a reason for Neanderthal extinction.
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